مجلة أدب الطفل
Volume 1, Numéro 1, Pages 1-19
2021-06-01

القراءات الأدبية لدى الأطفال أسسها وأساليب تنميتها

الكاتب : باقر محمد جعفر الكرباسي .

الملخص

إنّ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺸﺌﺔ ﺒﺄﻭﺠﻬﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻔل, ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺘﺼﺎﻻﹰ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺭ, ﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻬﺫﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺼﻭﻏﻬﺎ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻤﻰ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ عوامل تطوّره ونهوضه العلمي، والثّقافي، هذا إذا عنينا بالقراءة في محيط الطفل بشكل خاصّ، وجعلنا القراءة حاجة أساس من حاجات الطفل، عند ذلك يمكننا أن نخلص إلى بناء صورة المثقف في كيان الطفل، أو بناء شخصية الطفل المثقف الّذي يختلف اختلافا ملحوظا عن شخصية الطفل العادي. The reading is considered as a mindful tool in the wide cognitive receive, and a tool of self-cultural richness which expands the ranges of knowledge and its continuous activity in the observation, contemplation, inquiry and conclusion. Therefore, the reading is an essential thing for the individual especially when it becomes a material for the multiple instincts of him that always satisfies his cognitive need. So, reading in its functional impact on the individual works on storing the cultural richness which is drawn from the cognitive increase in self- circumference. From this point, we have tried in our research to present the bases of the literary reading for children and the methods of developing these bases. Thus, school constitutes the wide starting (from kindergartens to primary school up to the other stages) area of the child`s worlds and unfinished source to feed it with the basics of building its personality, integrating its abilities and potentialities and adjusting its conduct. For this, school is a complete life for the child and through school (as a method, a system, an education and a conduct) the wide cognitive increase is accomplished for it and developing its thinking and imagination gradually step by step with everything supportive and nutritious for its culture, so the socialization in school will determine the child`s personality and clarifies the cultural and educational milestones in this personality

الكلمات المفتاحية

ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ: ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ، ﺍﻟﻁﻔل Keywords : children, Literary reading